A recent study reveals the existence of a global online market for preserved human remains, a niche interest that poses potential health risks, according to scientists. Lead author Kirsty Squires and her team examined 128 web posts from 2015 to 2025 showcasing both human and animal remains for sale. Mummified heads, hands, and feet were commonly featured in these posts, as per Squires, a bioarchaeology professor at the University of Staffordshire in England.
The research highlights that mummified body parts may contain dormant microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast, which could pose health concerns if mishandled. Proper storage conditions are crucial to prevent deterioration of remains, as observed in some online images where decay was evident due to inadequate storage. Unlike in museums where mummies are stored under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, privately kept remains in homes or garages lack such environmental control, increasing the risk of releasing hidden fungal spores and bacteria into the air.
Squires emphasizes the importance of protective equipment when handling human remains, noting the potential risks for immunocompromised individuals exposed to airborne microorganisms. Additionally, traces of toxic chemicals like arsenic and mercury from historical embalming fluids have been found on mummified body parts, as highlighted in the study.
While the study does not report specific cases of illness from handling online-sold human remains, historical incidents such as the fatal exposure of conservation scientists to Aspergillus spores in 1973 raise concerns. Ethical questions surrounding the trade of human remains are also emphasized by James Scott, a public health professor, who believes that proper handling and storage methods can mitigate health risks for collectors.
In Canada, the study found 11 online posts related to the sale of human remains. Experts like Shawn Graham from Carleton University raise concerns about the unregulated trade in human remains in Canada, where the shipping of mummified human remains is prohibited by Canada Post, Purolator, and UPS. Despite regulations, sellers can circumvent restrictions by falsely labelling packages as archaeological samples, posing risks to postal workers and potential recipients.
Graham advocates for stricter regulations on the online trade of human remains, highlighting the colonial and appropriative nature of buying and selling human remains. Initiatives like the U.K. bill to ban online sales of human remains are suggested as a step towards addressing these concerns. Graham urges Canada to consider similar legislation to prohibit the trade of human remains, emphasizing the ethical implications of commodifying human bodies.
